منابع مشابه
Solvent effects on reaction rates
Solvent effects on the rates of some well-known nuclophilic substitution reactions have been analysed in terms of initial—state and transition-state contributions. Where possible, the latter have been further analysed by the method of model solutes, on which solvent effects on a transition state are compared to solvent effects on a solute that might be a suitable model for the transition state....
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The solvent isotope effects on the reaction catalysed by rat-liver glucokinase have been studied. At low concentrations of glucose and high concentrations of MgATP2there is an inverse solvent isotope effect of 3.5. At high glucose concentrations there is a normal solvent isotope effect of 1.3. In 'HzO there is positive co-operativity with respect to glucose [Storer, A. C. and Cornish-Bowden, A....
متن کاملThe Solvent Effects on Grignard Reaction
This research focuses on the effects of water in a solvent on a synthetic process of a Grignard reagent which is common in organic synthesis and triggered an accident in Japan. For the measurement, a hermetically sealed apparatus was prepared to fit a small-scaled reaction calorimeter. The experimental results revealed that the induction period appeared as the water content in the solvent incre...
متن کاملThe Baeyer-Villiger reaction: solvent effects on reaction mechanisms.
This study focuses on the Baeyer-Villiger reaction of propanone and performic acid, with formic acid as catalyst. Continuum solvation methods (EIF-PCM and CPCM) and two density functionals (B3LYP and MPWB1K) are used to study solvent effects on two types of reaction mechanisms: concerted non-ionic and stepwise ionic. The ionic mechanism is the one found in most organic chemistry textbooks; it b...
متن کاملSolvent Effects on Structure and Reaction Mechanism: A Theoretical Study of [2 + 2] Polar Cycloaddition between Ketene and Imine
The effects of aqueous solvent on structures and mechanism of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition between ketene and imine were investigated by using correlated MP2 and MP4 levels of ab initio molecular orbital theory in conjunction with the dielectric continuum Generalized Conductor-like Screening Model (GCOSMO) for solvation. We found that reactions in the gas phase and in aqueous solution have very di...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1957
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/180534a0